The Bees’ Honey: Remarks on Students as Agents of Knowledge in Renaissance Europe Through the Case of Simon Clüver (1540–1598)
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article argues that the notebooks produced by students during their stay abroad can become precious documentary evidence of early modern knowledge creation and organization. From the second half of the 15th century an unprecedented availability of paper led students to take notes freely on anything they considered useful or interesting for their education and, more generally, for their future. The case study of the notebooks belonging to a student from Danzig who stayed in Wittenberg in the 1560s, will show how the multi-text documents produced by students contribute to a better understanding of both their educational needs and their original reworking of academic knowledge.
Downloads
Article Details
Proposed Policy for Journals that Offer Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Since issue IV and for the future issues, it is the policy of the publisher that authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Bibliography
Belloni, Annalisa, Professori giuristi a Padova nel secolo XV, Profili bio-bibliografici e cattedre, Klostermann, Frankfurt 1986.
Bertalot, Ludwig, « Humanistisches Studienheft eines Nürnberger Scholaren aus Pavia (1460) », in Paul Oskar Kristeller (ed.), Studien zum italienischen und deutschen Humanismus, 2 vol., Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Rome 1975, p. 83–161.
Bianchi, Luca, « Per una storia dell’aristotelismo volgare nel Rinascimento: problemi e prospettive di ricercar », Bruniana & Campanelliana, 15 (2009), p. 367–385.
Bidwell, John, « The Study of Paper as Evidence, Artefact and Commodity », in Peter Davison (ed.), The Book Encompassed. Studies in Twentieth-century Bibliography, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992, p. 69–82.
Blair, Ann, « The Rise of Note-Taking in Early Modern Europe », Intellectual History Review, 20/3 (2010), p. 303–316.
Briquet, Charles-Moïse, Les filigranes: dictionnaire historique des marques du papier dès leur apparition vers 1282 jusqu’en 1600, 4 vol., A. Jullien, Genève 1907.
Burke, Peter, Social history of Knowledge: From Gutenberg to Diderot, Polity Press, Cambridge 2000, p. 95–96.
Burke, Peter, Ronnie Po-Chia Hsia (eds.), Cultural Translation in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007, p. 7–38.
Burski, Adam, Dialectica Ciceronis, ed. Dorota Półćwiartek Dremierre, Sub Lupa, Warsaw 2020.
Cicero, Letters to Friends, vol. I: Letters 1–113, ed. and trans. david roy shackleton bailey, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 2001, p. 256–257.
Cranz, Ferdinand Edward, A Bibliography of Aristotle Editions 1501–1600, 2nd ed. (with addenda and revisions) Charles b. Schmitt, V. Koerner, Baden-Baden 1984 (1st ed. 1971).
De Ridder Symoens, Hilde, « La migration académique des hommes et des idées en Europe », CRE – Information, 62/2 (1983), p. 59–80.
De Robertis, Domenico, « Problemi di filologia delle strutture », in La critica del testo. Problemi di metodo ed esperienze di lavoro, Salerno Editrice, Rome 1985, p. 383–401.
Destrez, Jean, La pecia dans les manuscrits universitaires du XIIIe et du XIVe siècle, Éditions Jacques Vautrain, Paris 1935.
Di Liscia, Daniel A., Eckhard Kessler, Charlotte Methuen (eds.), Method and Order in Renaissance Philosophy of Nature. The Aristotle Commentary Tradition, Ashgate, Aldershot 1997.
Enenkel, Karl A. E., Wolfgang Neubne (eds.), Cognition and the Book: Typologies of Formal Organisation of Knowledge in the Printed Book of the Early Modern Period, Brill, Leiden 2004.
Forner, Fabio, « Le miscellanee universitarie e la loro diffusione oltralpe », Mélanges de l’École françaises de Rome – Moyen Âge, 128/1 (2016), p. 71–83.
Gargan, Luciano, « ‘Dum eram studens Padue’. Studenti-copisti a Padova nel Tre e Quattrocento », in Libri e maestri tra Medioevo e Umanesimo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi Umanistici, Messina 2011 (1st ed. 2001), p. 557–577.
Garin, Eugenio, Educazione in Europa (1400–1600): Problemi e programmi, Laterza, Bari 1957.
Gilbert, Neal W., Renaissance Concepts of Method, Columbia University Press, New York, 1960.
Vasoli, Cesare, La dialettica e la retorica dell’Umanesimo. Invenzione e metodo nella cultura del XV e XVI secolo, Feltrinelli, Milan 1968.
Goeing, Anja-Silvia, Anthony Grafton, Paul Michel (eds.), Collectors’ Knowledge: What Is Kept, What Is Discarded / Aufbewahren Oder Wegwerfen: Wie Sammler Entscheiden, Brill, Leiden 2013.
— « Storing to Know: Konrad Gessner’s De Anima and the Relationship between Textbooks and Citation Collections in Sixteenth-Century Europe », in Anja-Silvia Goeing, Anthony Grafton, Paul Michel (eds.), Collectors’ Knowledge: What Is Kept, What Is Discarded / Aufbewahren Oder Wegwerfen: Wie Sammler Entscheiden, Brill, Leiden 2013, p. 207–242.
Grafton, Anthony, Defenders of the Text. The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450–1800, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1991.
Grafton, Anthony, Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Europe, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1986.
Gualdo Rosa, Lucia, « Censimento dei codici dell’epistolario di Leonardo Bruni, I », in Manoscritti delle biblioteche non italiane, Instituto Storico per il Medio Evo, Rome 1993, p. XVI–XVIII.
Harris, Neil, Paper and Watermarks as Bibliographical Evidence, Institut d’Histoire du Livre, Lyon 2017.
Holmes, Frederic Lawrence, Jürgen Renn, Hans-Jorg Rheinberger (eds.), Reworking the Bench. Research Notebooks in the History of Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 2003.
Hotson, Howard, Commonplace Learning: Ramism and Its German Ramifications, 1543–1630, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2007, p. 174.
— The Reformation of Common Learning. Post-Ramist Method and the Reception of the New Philosophy, 1618–1670, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2020.
Jardine, Lisa, « Humanism and the Teaching of Logic », in Norman Kretzmann, Anthony Kenny, Jan Pinborg (eds.), The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy from the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Disintegration of Scholasticism 1100–1600, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge p. 797–807.
Klein, Ursula, « Paper Tools in Experimental Cultures. The Case of Berzelian Formulae », Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 32 (2001), p. 265–312.
Klestinec, Cynthia, « Medical Education in Padua: Students, Faculty and Facilities », in Ole Peter Grell, Andrew Cunningham, Jon Arrizabalaga (eds.), Centres of Medical Excellence? Medical Travel and Education in Europe, 1500–1789, Ashgate, Farnham 2010, p. 193–220.
Knoll, Paul W., A Pearl of Powerful Learning: The University of Cracow in the Fifteenth Century, Brill, Leiden 2016, p. 318–319.
Kristeller, Paul Oskar Kristeller, Renaissance Thought and Its Sources, ed. Michael Mooney, Columbia University Press, New York 1979.
Lines, David, « Beyond Latin in Renaissance Philosophy: A Plea for New Critical Perspectives », Intellectual History Review, 25/4 (December 2015), p. 373–389.
Lohr Charles H., « Renaissance Latin Aristotle Commentaries: Authors Pi-Sm », Renaissance Quarterly, 33/4 (Winter, 1980), p. 623–734.
— Latin Aristotle Commentaries, vol. II: Renaissance Authors, Leo S. Olschki, Florence 1988.
Lück, Heiner (ed.), Martin Luther und seine Universität: Vorträge anlässich des 450. Todestages des Reformators, Böhlau Verlag, Köln–Weimar–Wein 1998.
Mazzoldi, Leonardo, Filigrane di cartiere bresciane, Ateneo di Scienze, Lettere e Arti, Brescia 1990.
Moss, Ann, Printed Commonplace-Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996.
Murano, Giovanna, Opere diffuse per ‘exemplar’ e pecia, Turnhout, Brepols 2005.
Nowak, Ludwik, Michael Falkener de Vratislavia, Congestum logicum, Introductonium dialecticae, Akademia Teologii Katolickiej, Warsaw 1990.
Ong, Walter J., S. J., Ramus, Method and the Decay Dialogue, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1958.
Parshall, Peter, « Introduction: The Modern Historiography of Early Printmaking », in Id. (ed.), The Woodcut in Fifteenth-Century Europe, Yale University Press, New Haven 2009, p. 9–16.
Pesenti, Tiziana, Professori e promotori di medicina nello Studio di Padova dal 1405 al 1509, Lint, Padua 1984.
Petrucci, Armando, « From the Unitary Book to the Miscellany», in Charles M. Radding (ed.), Writers and Readers in Medieval History. Studies in the History of Written Culture, Yale University Press, New Haven–London 1995, p. 1–18; originally published as « Dal libro unitario al libro miscellaneo », in Andrea Giardina (ed.), Società romana e impero tardoantico, vol. IV: Tradizione dei classici, trasformazioni della cultura, Laterza, Bari 1986, p. 173–187.
Piccard, Gerhard, Die Wasserzeichenkartei im Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, 17 vol., Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1961–1997.
Pol, Hulshoff, The First Century of Leiden University Library, Brill, Leiden 1975.
Polak, Emil J., Medieval and Renaissance Letter Treatises and Form Letters, vol. I: A Census of Manuscripts Found in Part of Europe, Brill, Leiden 1993.
Pollard, Graham, « The pecia System in the Medieval Universities », in Malcolm Beckwith Parkes, Andrew George Watson (eds.), Medieval Scribes, Manuscripts and Libraries, Scolar Press, London 1978, p. 145–161.
Schmitt, Charles B., Aristotle and the Renaissance, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1983.
Sgarbi, Marco, « Aristotle and the People. Vernacular Philosophy in Renaissance Italy », Renaissance & Reformation, 39 (2016), p. 59–109.
Stolberg, Michael, « Medical Note-Taking in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries », in Alberto Cevolini (ed.), Forgetting Machines: Knowledge Management Evolution in Early Modern Europe, Brill, Leiden 2016, p. 243–264.
Stolberg, Michael, « Teaching Anatomy in Post-Vesalian Padua. An Analysis of Student Notes », Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 48 (2018), p. 61–78.
Tyson, Alan, Mozart: Studies of the Autograph Scores, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1987.
Verger, Jacques, « La peregrinatio accademica », in Gian Paolo Brizzi, Jacques Verger (eds.), Le università dell’Europa. Gli uomini e i luoghi secc. XII–XVIII, Silvana, Milan 1993, p. 107–135.
Vine, Angus, Miscellaneous Order. Manuscript Culture and the Early Modern Organization of Knowledge, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2019.
Yeo, Richard, Notebooks, English Virtuosi, and Early Modern Science, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2014.