Nicole Oresme on the Movements of Javelin Throwers: a Peripatetic Reading of De Configurationibus II, 37
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Abstract
In this contribution, I analyze a text by Oresme which gives a rather original explanation of the process of throwing a javelin and, more generally, of the actions of people who seem to have a kind of natural ability to succeed in their actions (De Configurationibus II, 37). In highlighting some sources that appear to have been present on the author’s mind although they were hitherto neglected in Oresmian studies, I would like to show that his presentation of this specific kind of motion is deeply rooted in the scholastic theological tradition and that this tradition makes this chapter seem much less strange than it might seem at first glance.
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References
Bibliography
Manuscripts
ms. BAV, Vat. lat. 4709
ms. BAV, Vat. Lat. Borghese 329
ms. Brussels, BR, 11203-204
ms. Cambridge, Gonv. and Caius Coll. 509
ms. Munich, BSB, Clm 4375
ms. Naples, BN, XI C 84
ms. Oxford, Merton College, 272
ms. Siena, Bibl. Com. degli Intronati L.III.2.
ms. Sevilla, Bibl. Capitular y Colombina, 7.6.30
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Aegidius Romanus, Summa contra Gentiles, edited by V. Cordonier, “Une lecture critique de la théologie d’Aristote: le ’Quodlibet VI, 10’ d’Henri de Gand comme réponse à Gilles de Rome”, in L’aristotélisme exposé: aspects du débat philosophique entre Henri de Gand et Gilles de Rome, edited by V. Cordonier and T. Suarez-Nani (Fribourg: Academic Press, 2014), 81-180.
Sanctus Thomas Aquinatis, Summa contra Gentiles, edited by Commissio Leonina in Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Opera omnia iussu impensaque Leonis XIII. P. M. edita, t. 14: Summa contra gentiles ad codices manuscriptos, praesertim S. Doctoris autographum exacta. Liber III. cum Commentariis Franc. de Sylvestris Ferrariensis (Rome: Ex Typographia Polyglotta S. C. de Propaganda Fide, 1926).
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Aristoteles Latinus, t. XXXI 1-2: Rhetorica Translatio Anonyma sive Vetus et Translatio Guillelmi de Morbeka, edited by B. Schneider (Leiden: Brill, 1978).
t. XVII 2.II-III: De progressu animalium, De motu animalium. Translatio Guillelmi de Morbeka, edited by P. De Leemans (Turnhout: Brepols, 2011).
Ethica Eudemica (fragmentum); Liber de bona fortuna, Translatio Morbekana, Recensio Vulgata, textus praevius, edited by V. Cordonier, Online collection Aristoteles Latinus Database, Release 3 (ALD-3), www.brepolis.com (2016).
Boethius, De Consolatione Philosophiae, Livre II, prosa 1 [19], edited by C. Moreschini, Boèce, La Consolation de Philosophie, trad. and notes Vanpeteghem, Eric, introduction Tilliette, Jean-Yves (Paris: Livre de Poche, 2008).
Duns Scotus, Quodlibeta, edited by F. Alluntis, Cuestiones cuodlibetales (Obras del Doctor Sutil Juan Duns Escoto, edicion bilingüe) (Madrid: La Editorial Católica, 1968).
Gaufridus Aspalus, Super Physicam, edited by S. Donati, C. Trifogli and E. J. Ashworth, Geoffrey of Aspall, Questions on Aristotle’s Physics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).
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Nicolaus Oresme, Livre de divinacions, edited by S. Rapisarda, Nicole Oresme, Contro la divinazione: consigli antiastrologici al re di Francia (1356) (Roma: Carocci editore, 2009).
Tabula problematum, edited by B. Hansen, Nicole Oresme and The Marvels of Nature: a Study of his De causis mirabilium with Critical Edition, Translation, and Commentary (Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies, 1985).
Tabula questionum tractandarum (= “Tabula problematum” in Hansen’s edition), edited and translated by A. Boureau, Nicole Oresme, Écrits métaphysiques, politiques et théologiques, section 2: Anthropologie des erreurs humaines, vol. VII (Paris: Belles Lettres, to be published).
De Configurationibus, edited by M. Clagett, Nicole Oresme and the Medieval Geometry of Qualities and Motions. A Treatise on the Uniformity and Difformity of Intensities known as Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum, edited with an Introduction, English Translation and Commentary by M. Clagett (Madison, Milwaukee and London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1968).
Questiones super Physicam II, 11, edited by S. Caroti, J. Celeyrette, S. Kirschner and E. Mazet (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2013).
Problemata, edited by A. Boureau, Nicole Oresme, Écrits métaphysiques, politiques et théologiques, section 2 : Anthropologie des erreurs humaines, vol. VIII: Problemata, directed by A. Boureau and B. Delaurenti (Paris: Belles Lettres, to be published).
Robert Grosseteste, De Lineis, edited by L. Baur, Die philosophischen Werke des Robert Grosseteste, Bischofs von Lincoln, zum erstenmal vollständig in kritischer Ausgabe (Münster: Aschendorff, 1912).
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Boureau, Alain and Delaurenti, Béatrice, “Introduction aux tomes VI, VII and VIII”, in Nicole Oresme, Écrits métaphysiques, politiques et théologiques, section 2: Anthropologie des erreurs humaines, directed by A. Boureau and B. Delaurenti (Paris: Belles Lettres, to be published).
Caroti, Stefano, “La position de Nicole Oresme sur la nature du mouvement (Quaestiones super Physicam III, 1-8). Problèmes gnoséologiques, ontologiques et sémantiques”, Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge 51 (1994): 303-385.
“Modi rerum and Materialism: a Note on a Quotation of a Condemned Articulus in Some Fourteenth-century Parisian De anima commentaries”, Traditio 55 (2000): 211-234.
Costa, Iacopo, “L’Éthique à Eudème et la Grande morale dans l’oeuvre de Thomas d’Aquin”, Documenti e Studi sulla Tradizione Filosofica Medievale 32 (2021): 73-133.
Cordonier, Valérie, “Réussir sans raison(s). Autour du texte et des gloses du ‘Liber De bona fortuna Aristotilis’ dans le manuscrit de Melk 796 (1308)”, in 1308, Eine Topographie historischer Gleichzeitigkeit, edited by A. Speer and D. Wirmer (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 2010), 704-770.
“Sauver le Dieu du Philosophe: Albert le Grand, Thomas d’Aquin, Guillaume de Moerbeke et l’invention du ‘Liber de bona fortuna’ comme alternative autorisée à l’interprétation averroïste de la doctrine aristotélicienne de la providence divine”, in Christian Readings of Aristotle from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, edited by L. Bianchi (Turnhoult: Brepols, 2011), 65-114.
“Une lecture critique de la théologie d’Aristote: le ’Quodlibet VI, 10’ d’Henri de Gand comme réponse à Gilles de Rome”, in L’aristotélisme exposé: aspects du débat philosophique entre Henri de Gand et Gilles de Rome, edited by V. Cordonier and T. Suarez-Nani (Fribourg: Academic Press, 2014), 81-180.
“Aristotle theologized: the importance of Giles of Rome’s Sententia de bona fortuna to the Late Medieval and Renaissance peripatetism”, in Doctor Fundatissimus. Giles of Rome: His Thought and Influence, edited by M. Benedetto, F. Marrone and P. Porro, Quaestio: annuario di storia della metafisica / Quaestio: The Yearbook of the History of Metaphysics 20 (2020): 137-157.
“Giles of Rome on the reduction of fortune to divine benevolence: the creative error of a Parisian theologian in the 1270s”, in Irrtum-Error-Erreur. Irrtum und Fortschritt – Mittelalterhistoriographie im Wandel, 40. Kölner Mediaevistentagung, edited by A. Speer and M. Mauriège (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2018), 231-256.
Courtenay, William J., “The Early Career of Nicole Oresme”, Isis 91 (2000): 542-548.
Debroise, Philippe, Mathématiques de l’intensité et Merveilles de la nature. Etude sur le Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum de Nicole Oresme, PhD defended on 16 December 2019 at the Université de Paris Diderot (Paris: Université Paris Diderot, 2019).
Delaurenti, Béatrice, “Contre la magie démoniaque et les incantations: les questions 43 et 44 des Quodlibeta”, in Nicole Oresme philosophe. Philosophie de la nature et philosophie de la connaissance à Paris au XIVe siècle, edited by J. Celeyrette and Ch. Grellard (Turnhout: Brepols, 2014), 251-297.
De Leemans, Pieter and Beullens, Pieter, “Aristote à Paris. Le système de la pecia et les traductions de Guillaume de Moerbeke”, Recherches de théologie et philosophie médiévales 75 (2008): 87-135.
De Leemans, Pieter, “Parva Naturalia, Commentaries on Aristotle’s”, in Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Philosophy Between 500 and 1500, edited by H. Lagerlund (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), 917-923.
Di Liscia, Daniel A., “Breakings and Continuities: The Fourteenth Century and Galileo’s Impetus Theory as a Complex Case of Conceptual and Historical Transmission”, in Spreading Knowledge in a Changing World, edited by C. Burnett and P. M. España (London and Córdoba: UCO Press, 2018), 175-201.
Di Liscia, Daniel A. and Panzica, Aurora, “The Works of Nicole Oresme: a Systematic Inventory”, Traditio 77 (2022): to be published.
Donati, Silvia, “Per lo studio dei commenti alla Fisica del XIII secolo. Commenti di probabile origine inglese degli anni 1250-1270 ca. Parte I”, Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale 2/2 (1991): 361-441.
“Commenti parigini alla Fisica degli anni 1270-1300 ca.”, in Die Bibliotheca Amploniana im Spannungsfeld von Aristotelismus, Nominalismus und Humanismus, edited by A. Speer (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 1995), 136-256.
“Per lo studio dei commenti alla Fisica del XIII secolo. Commenti di probabile origine inglese degli anni 1250-1270 ca. Parte II”, Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale 4 (1993): 25-133.
“Albert the Greaet as a Commentator of Aristotle’s De somno et vigilia: The Influence of the Arabic Tradition”, in The Parva Naturalia in Greek, Arabic and Latin Aristotelianism, edited by B. Bydén and F. Radovic (Cham: Springer 2018), 169-209.
Duba, William, “Aristotle’s Metaphysics in Peter Auriol’s ‘Commentary in the Sentences’”, Documenti e Studi sulla Tradizione Filosofica Medievale 12 (2001): 549-572.
Ebbesen, Sten, “Radulphus Brito on Memory and Dreams. An Edition”, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge grec et latin 85 (2016): 11-86.
Federspiel, Michel, “Sur le mouvement des projectiles (Aristote, Du ciel, 288a22)”, Revue des Etudes Anciennes 94, 3-4 (1992): 337-345.
Kirschner, Stefan, Nicolaus Oresmes Kommentar zur Physik des Aristoteles. Kommentar mit Edition der Quaestionen zu Buch 3 und 4 der Aristotelischen Physik sowie von vier Quaestionen zu Buch 5 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997), 197-417.
Maier, Annelise, An der Grenze von Scholastik und Naturwissenschaft, 2. Auflage (Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1952).
Manuwald, Bernd, “Die Wurftheorie im Corpus Aristotelicum”, in Aristoteles Werk und Wirkung, Paul Moraux gewidmet, erster Band: Aristoteles und seine Schule, edited by J. Wiesner (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1985), 151-167.
Moody, Ernst, “Ockham and Aegidius of Rome”, Franciscan studies 9, 4 (1949): 417-442, reprinted in Studies in medieval philosophy, science, and logic, collected papers (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975): 161-188.
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Rapisarda, Stefano, “From the Tractatus contra astronomos judiciarios (1349) to the (1356): Nicole Oresme lost in translation”, in El saber i les llenguës vernacles a l’època de Llull i Eiximenis. Estudis ICREA sobre vernacularització, edited by A. Alberni, L. Badia, L. Cifuentes and A. Fidora (Barcelona: Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2012), 231-255.
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Manuscripts
ms. BAV, Vat. lat. 4709
ms. BAV, Vat. Lat. Borghese 329
ms. Brussels, BR, 11203-204
ms. Cambridge, Gonv. and Caius Coll. 509
ms. Munich, BSB, Clm 4375
ms. Naples, BN, XI C 84
ms. Oxford, Merton College, 272
ms. Siena, Bibl. Com. degli Intronati L.III.2.
ms. Sevilla, Bibl. Capitular y Colombina, 7.6.30
Primary Sources
Aegidius Romanus, Summa contra Gentiles, edited by V. Cordonier, “Une lecture critique de la théologie d’Aristote: le ’Quodlibet VI, 10’ d’Henri de Gand comme réponse à Gilles de Rome”, in L’aristotélisme exposé: aspects du débat philosophique entre Henri de Gand et Gilles de Rome, edited by V. Cordonier and T. Suarez-Nani (Fribourg: Academic Press, 2014), 81-180.
Sanctus Thomas Aquinatis, Summa contra Gentiles, edited by Commissio Leonina in Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Opera omnia iussu impensaque Leonis XIII. P. M. edita, t. 14: Summa contra gentiles ad codices manuscriptos, praesertim S. Doctoris autographum exacta. Liber III. cum Commentariis Franc. de Sylvestris Ferrariensis (Rome: Ex Typographia Polyglotta S. C. de Propaganda Fide, 1926).
Summa contra Gentiles, translated by V. J. Bourke in Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles, Book III: Providence, Part II (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975 [1956]).
Aristoteles Graecus, Aristotelis Parva Naturalia graece et latine (Collectio Philosophica Lateranensis), edited by P. Siwek S.J. (Rome: Desclée et C°, 1963).
Aristoteles Latinus, t. XXXI 1-2: Rhetorica Translatio Anonyma sive Vetus et Translatio Guillelmi de Morbeka, edited by B. Schneider (Leiden: Brill, 1978).
t. XVII 2.II-III: De progressu animalium, De motu animalium. Translatio Guillelmi de Morbeka, edited by P. De Leemans (Turnhout: Brepols, 2011).
Ethica Eudemica (fragmentum); Liber de bona fortuna, Translatio Morbekana, Recensio Vulgata, textus praevius, edited by V. Cordonier, Online collection Aristoteles Latinus Database, Release 3 (ALD-3), www.brepolis.com (2016).
Boethius, De Consolatione Philosophiae, Livre II, prosa 1 [19], edited by C. Moreschini, Boèce, La Consolation de Philosophie, trad. and notes Vanpeteghem, Eric, introduction Tilliette, Jean-Yves (Paris: Livre de Poche, 2008).
Duns Scotus, Quodlibeta, edited by F. Alluntis, Cuestiones cuodlibetales (Obras del Doctor Sutil Juan Duns Escoto, edicion bilingüe) (Madrid: La Editorial Católica, 1968).
Gaufridus Aspalus, Super Physicam, edited by S. Donati, C. Trifogli and E. J. Ashworth, Geoffrey of Aspall, Questions on Aristotle’s Physics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).
Gualtherus Burlaeus, Super Physicam, in Walter Burley, In Physicam Aristotelis Expositio et Quaestiones (Venice, 1501; repr. Hildesheim; New York: Olms, G. Olms, 1972).
Iohannes Buridanus, Super Physicam, edited by J.M.M.H. Thijssen, John Buridan, Quaestiones super octo libros Physicorum Aristotelis (secundum ultimam lecturam), with an Introduction by J.M.M.H. Thijssen and a Guide to the Text by E. Sylla, vol. I: libri i-ii (Leiden: Brill, 2015).
Jean de Jandun, Questions on Aristotle’s Physics, in Ioannes de Janduno, Quaestiones in libros physicorum Aristotelis (Venice, 1488).
John Pecham, Perspectiva communis, edited by D. C. Lindberg, John Pecham and the Science of Optics, Perspectiva communis, with an Introduction, English Translation, and Critical Notes (Madison, Milwaukee and London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1970).
Nicolaus Oresme, Livre de divinacions, edited by S. Rapisarda, Nicole Oresme, Contro la divinazione: consigli antiastrologici al re di Francia (1356) (Roma: Carocci editore, 2009).
Tabula problematum, edited by B. Hansen, Nicole Oresme and The Marvels of Nature: a Study of his De causis mirabilium with Critical Edition, Translation, and Commentary (Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies, 1985).
Tabula questionum tractandarum (= “Tabula problematum” in Hansen’s edition), edited and translated by A. Boureau, Nicole Oresme, Écrits métaphysiques, politiques et théologiques, section 2: Anthropologie des erreurs humaines, vol. VII (Paris: Belles Lettres, to be published).
De Configurationibus, edited by M. Clagett, Nicole Oresme and the Medieval Geometry of Qualities and Motions. A Treatise on the Uniformity and Difformity of Intensities known as Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum, edited with an Introduction, English Translation and Commentary by M. Clagett (Madison, Milwaukee and London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1968).
Questiones super Physicam II, 11, edited by S. Caroti, J. Celeyrette, S. Kirschner and E. Mazet (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2013).
Problemata, edited by A. Boureau, Nicole Oresme, Écrits métaphysiques, politiques et théologiques, section 2 : Anthropologie des erreurs humaines, vol. VIII: Problemata, directed by A. Boureau and B. Delaurenti (Paris: Belles Lettres, to be published).
Robert Grosseteste, De Lineis, edited by L. Baur, Die philosophischen Werke des Robert Grosseteste, Bischofs von Lincoln, zum erstenmal vollständig in kritischer Ausgabe (Münster: Aschendorff, 1912).
Secondary Sources
Beaujouan, Guy, “Manuscrits scientifiques médiévaux de la Bibliothèque de Séville”, in Actes du dixième Congrès International d’Histoire des Sciences. Ithaca 26 VIII 1962-2 IX 1962, edited by H. Guerlac (Paris: Hermann, 1964), 631-634.
Boureau, Alain and Delaurenti, Béatrice, “Introduction aux tomes VI, VII and VIII”, in Nicole Oresme, Écrits métaphysiques, politiques et théologiques, section 2: Anthropologie des erreurs humaines, directed by A. Boureau and B. Delaurenti (Paris: Belles Lettres, to be published).
Caroti, Stefano, “La position de Nicole Oresme sur la nature du mouvement (Quaestiones super Physicam III, 1-8). Problèmes gnoséologiques, ontologiques et sémantiques”, Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge 51 (1994): 303-385.
“Modi rerum and Materialism: a Note on a Quotation of a Condemned Articulus in Some Fourteenth-century Parisian De anima commentaries”, Traditio 55 (2000): 211-234.
Costa, Iacopo, “L’Éthique à Eudème et la Grande morale dans l’oeuvre de Thomas d’Aquin”, Documenti e Studi sulla Tradizione Filosofica Medievale 32 (2021): 73-133.
Cordonier, Valérie, “Réussir sans raison(s). Autour du texte et des gloses du ‘Liber De bona fortuna Aristotilis’ dans le manuscrit de Melk 796 (1308)”, in 1308, Eine Topographie historischer Gleichzeitigkeit, edited by A. Speer and D. Wirmer (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 2010), 704-770.
“Sauver le Dieu du Philosophe: Albert le Grand, Thomas d’Aquin, Guillaume de Moerbeke et l’invention du ‘Liber de bona fortuna’ comme alternative autorisée à l’interprétation averroïste de la doctrine aristotélicienne de la providence divine”, in Christian Readings of Aristotle from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, edited by L. Bianchi (Turnhoult: Brepols, 2011), 65-114.
“Une lecture critique de la théologie d’Aristote: le ’Quodlibet VI, 10’ d’Henri de Gand comme réponse à Gilles de Rome”, in L’aristotélisme exposé: aspects du débat philosophique entre Henri de Gand et Gilles de Rome, edited by V. Cordonier and T. Suarez-Nani (Fribourg: Academic Press, 2014), 81-180.
“Aristotle theologized: the importance of Giles of Rome’s Sententia de bona fortuna to the Late Medieval and Renaissance peripatetism”, in Doctor Fundatissimus. Giles of Rome: His Thought and Influence, edited by M. Benedetto, F. Marrone and P. Porro, Quaestio: annuario di storia della metafisica / Quaestio: The Yearbook of the History of Metaphysics 20 (2020): 137-157.
“Giles of Rome on the reduction of fortune to divine benevolence: the creative error of a Parisian theologian in the 1270s”, in Irrtum-Error-Erreur. Irrtum und Fortschritt – Mittelalterhistoriographie im Wandel, 40. Kölner Mediaevistentagung, edited by A. Speer and M. Mauriège (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2018), 231-256.
Courtenay, William J., “The Early Career of Nicole Oresme”, Isis 91 (2000): 542-548.
Debroise, Philippe, Mathématiques de l’intensité et Merveilles de la nature. Etude sur le Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum de Nicole Oresme, PhD defended on 16 December 2019 at the Université de Paris Diderot (Paris: Université Paris Diderot, 2019).
Delaurenti, Béatrice, “Contre la magie démoniaque et les incantations: les questions 43 et 44 des Quodlibeta”, in Nicole Oresme philosophe. Philosophie de la nature et philosophie de la connaissance à Paris au XIVe siècle, edited by J. Celeyrette and Ch. Grellard (Turnhout: Brepols, 2014), 251-297.
De Leemans, Pieter and Beullens, Pieter, “Aristote à Paris. Le système de la pecia et les traductions de Guillaume de Moerbeke”, Recherches de théologie et philosophie médiévales 75 (2008): 87-135.
De Leemans, Pieter, “Parva Naturalia, Commentaries on Aristotle’s”, in Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Philosophy Between 500 and 1500, edited by H. Lagerlund (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), 917-923.
Di Liscia, Daniel A., “Breakings and Continuities: The Fourteenth Century and Galileo’s Impetus Theory as a Complex Case of Conceptual and Historical Transmission”, in Spreading Knowledge in a Changing World, edited by C. Burnett and P. M. España (London and Córdoba: UCO Press, 2018), 175-201.
Di Liscia, Daniel A. and Panzica, Aurora, “The Works of Nicole Oresme: a Systematic Inventory”, Traditio 77 (2022): to be published.
Donati, Silvia, “Per lo studio dei commenti alla Fisica del XIII secolo. Commenti di probabile origine inglese degli anni 1250-1270 ca. Parte I”, Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale 2/2 (1991): 361-441.
“Commenti parigini alla Fisica degli anni 1270-1300 ca.”, in Die Bibliotheca Amploniana im Spannungsfeld von Aristotelismus, Nominalismus und Humanismus, edited by A. Speer (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 1995), 136-256.
“Per lo studio dei commenti alla Fisica del XIII secolo. Commenti di probabile origine inglese degli anni 1250-1270 ca. Parte II”, Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale 4 (1993): 25-133.
“Albert the Greaet as a Commentator of Aristotle’s De somno et vigilia: The Influence of the Arabic Tradition”, in The Parva Naturalia in Greek, Arabic and Latin Aristotelianism, edited by B. Bydén and F. Radovic (Cham: Springer 2018), 169-209.
Duba, William, “Aristotle’s Metaphysics in Peter Auriol’s ‘Commentary in the Sentences’”, Documenti e Studi sulla Tradizione Filosofica Medievale 12 (2001): 549-572.
Ebbesen, Sten, “Radulphus Brito on Memory and Dreams. An Edition”, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge grec et latin 85 (2016): 11-86.
Federspiel, Michel, “Sur le mouvement des projectiles (Aristote, Du ciel, 288a22)”, Revue des Etudes Anciennes 94, 3-4 (1992): 337-345.
Kirschner, Stefan, Nicolaus Oresmes Kommentar zur Physik des Aristoteles. Kommentar mit Edition der Quaestionen zu Buch 3 und 4 der Aristotelischen Physik sowie von vier Quaestionen zu Buch 5 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997), 197-417.
Maier, Annelise, An der Grenze von Scholastik und Naturwissenschaft, 2. Auflage (Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1952).
Manuwald, Bernd, “Die Wurftheorie im Corpus Aristotelicum”, in Aristoteles Werk und Wirkung, Paul Moraux gewidmet, erster Band: Aristoteles und seine Schule, edited by J. Wiesner (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1985), 151-167.
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